Because of the importance of ARTEMIA in aquaculture industry, and the lake of Urmiana, in  political borders of Iran, which is the biggest natural habitat for this animal, some more investigations seems to be required. The calculated criteria showed the HATCHING rate of ARTEMIA urmiana CYSTs in 6 different salinities, and 33ppt (suggested for other genuses) is the optimal for HATCHING operation of A. urmiana.

Fungal and microbial contamination of ARTEMIA CYST is possibly one of the important reasons for decreasing CYST HATCHING percentage and therefore one of the main problems in CYST processing and culture of ARTEMIA. In this research in order to control of microbial contamination of ARTEMIA CYST, Formaline (80ppm, 800ppm), Crystal violet (3ppm, 30ppm), Green Malachite (5ppm, 50ppm) and Sodium hypochlorite (400ppm) were used as disinfectant agents during HATCHING of CYSTs. The control group was received 35ppt water. The result obtained at the end of HATCHING (24 hours, 48 hours late), indicated that formaline 80ppm was the best agent in controling microbial contamination of CYST and significantly increased HATCHING percentage of ARTEMIA urmiana CYST.

In an experiment to investigate the bio-excitatory effect of ozone gas on the HATCHING of ARTEMIA CYSTs, it was found that limited blown ozone gas has an effect on significant increasing of the HATCHING time of ARTEMIA CYSTs, though ARTEMIA cycsts are very resistant to ozone. The CYSTs HATCHING were done intitialy using 50, 35, 15, 10 and 5 mg of ozone blowing into one-liter containers that lasted for 15, 10, 5, 3 and 1. 5 minutes. The HATCHING rate of ARTEMIA for the experimental groups was equal compared to the control group without ozone during 36 hours of HATCHING (p. >0. 05). Analyzes showed that the using ozone reduced the HATCHING rate, all treatment groups had a significant reduction in HATCHING (p <0. 05) during 24 hours of HATCHING compared to the control. This reduction in HATCHING rates were compensated at 36 hours of HATCHING and became the same among all groups. With less ozonation rate of 2. 5, 5 and 10 mg. l-1 by blowing for 45 seconds, 1 and 3 minutes, respectively, it was observed that among the exprimental containers, 2. 5 mg ozone per liter blown at the beginning of HATCHING, had more significant HATCHING by about 93. 5% compared to the control (85. 5%).

Nauplii in the Instar I –II stages are probably the form of ARTEMIA most widely used in aquaculture. They are also the easiest and earliest live food obtained from the CYSTs. In order to optimize utilization of CYSTs for HATCHING into nauplii, it is useful to know as much as possible about the HATCHING characteristics of each batch. and in this regard, the critical factors are: temperature, salinity, and pH. Three-way ANOVA with three factors each with three levels including, water salinity (28, 30 and 33ppt), water temperature (25, 28 and 30°C) and pH (7, 8 and 9) has been analyzed on the HATCHING efficiency of ARTEMIA urmiana CYSTs for determining the best points of these physical parameters in laboratory condition. There are significance differences between salinity, water temperature and interaction S* W. T, S*pH and W. T*pH (p<0. 05) but there are not any differences between pH treatment and S*W. T*pH interactions The best points are 30ppt, 28°C and 7 for water salinity, water temperature and pH respectively.

The Fisheries Research Laboratory, University of Zabol to investigate the Effect of different levels factors of pH on the percentage of HATCHING (HP) and HATCHING efficiency (HE) CYSTs ARTEMIA urmiana at five different pH (7, 7.5, 8, 8.3 and 9) were performed. Each treatment was replicated three times. During the experiment, all factors affecting HATCHING was fixed and the variable pH levels. After 24 hours of incubation system began, the number of nauplii and umbrella CYSTs forms and CYSTs were counted and the percentage of HATCHING capacity was calculated. Based on the results, the percentage of HATCHING ability of pH=8.3 was higher than other treatments and at HATCHING was observed at pH=9. Differences between treatments were very small and statistically not significant (P>0.05). Generally, the pH is an important factor in the hatched ARTEMIA urmiana CYSTs and for optimization of the pH must be kept constant at 8.3.

The present study has been conducted to determine the effect of different light intensities on ARTEMIA urmiana CYSTs hatchability. The effect of seven light intensities consisting darkness, 500, 1000,1500, 1700, 2000, 2500 Lux were assessed, each treatment had three replicates. All factors affecting CYSTs HATCHING were constant except illumination. 24 hours after incubation the number of nauplii, umbrella stage and unhatched CYSTs were counted and HATCHING percentage determined. According to results the HATCHING percentage was significantly higher than other treatments, and the less HATCHING was occurred in darkness. Illumination is one of the most important factors in ARTEMIA CYST HATCHING, and the light intensity should be about 2000Lux during ARTEMIA urmiana incubation.

Introduction: Nowadays, using unconventional water, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, has increased as a result of global population increase, urbanization and climate change. Using these water sources for aquaculture is suggested for optimal utilization and reduction of their adverse effects on the environment. ARTEMIA is an aquatic crustacean that is distributed all over the world. It plays an important role in the aquatic food chain due to containing a variety of high nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and antioxidants. These organisms are the most common live-food item in the aquaculture industry to feed the larval stages of fish and crustaceans in different parts of the world. ARTEMIA can grow in various saltwater environments. The water sources suitable for them do vary considerably in terms of ionic composition, climatic conditions, seasonality, productivity, altitude, and other characteristics. Among the species of the genus ARTEMIA, A. franciscana is the most important one for aquaculture use, and it has been introduced in salt-waters for integrated ARTEMIA–salt production. This species is characterized by the standard features of the short-life cycles: highly adaptable to adverse environmental conditions, easy cultivation and easy availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of HATCHING and growth performances of ARTEMIA (A. franciscana) in the unconventional water conditions in Sistan region, Southeast Iran under laboratory conditions. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in the Laboratory of Reproduction and Breeding Aquatic Animals, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute located in Zabol Research Institute in February 2024. HATCHING rate, growth performance (comparison of body length and width), abundance of each biological form and health (comparison of morphological characteristics) of A. franciscana under breeding conditions of unconventional waters in Sistan region were investigated in this study. For this purpose, ARTEMIA CYSTs were hatched in plastic jars using three replicated treatments, i.e., control (T1; distilled water + sea salt; 35.37 ppt), desalination wastewater (T2; 48.88 ppt), deep aquifer well water (T3; 16.35 ppt), and well water (T4; 28.46 ppt). All treatments were kept under standard conditions including temperature 27 °C, light 37 μmol/m2/s as well as 12 hours light and 12 hours darkness (12L:12D) during the experimental period. After 48 h of incubation, the HATCHING rate of ARTEMIA CYSTs was analyzed. In order to evaluate growth performance and health status, at least 30 specimens from each treatment were randomly selected and photographed, then body length and width were measured using Digimizer software. Water quality parameters including temperature, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, hardness, Cl, Mg and Cu were recorded using standard methods during the experiment. All data obtained in this study were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for any significant differences among the treatments. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated for the statistical interpretation of the influence of the physicochemical variables on HATCHING rate and body length. Results and discussion: The results showed that hatchability of CYSTs and body length of ARTEMIA were significantly different among treatments (p<0.05). The highest value of 71.32 ± 5.41% was recorded in T1 followed by 67.19 ± 4.28% in T3, 51.19 ± 2.33% in T4 and 47.81 ± 2.78% in T2 on the 48 h after CYST incubation. The length (mm) of ARTEMIA was higher (0.64 ± 0.06) in T3 than in T1 (0.62 ± 0.05), T4 (0.59 ± 0.04) and T2 (0.56 ± 0.05). Instar 2 was the dominant form in T3 and T4, while instar 2 was the dominant form in the other two treatments. The morphological characteristics of ARTEMIA were similar and normal between all treatments. The results showed that although the hatchability of CYSTs was more affected by the breeding environment, the growth of ARTEMIA in all the unconventional water treatments was suitable compared to the control treatment, and also the morphological characteristics of ARTEMIA were normal in all treatments. Due to the occurrence of long-term droughts in Sistan region, the only opportunity for the continuation of aquaculture, especially in recent years, lies in the use of unconventional saline water resources in this region. So, the present study provides the first evidence of relatively favorable HATCHING and suitable initial growth of ARTEMIA in unconventional saline waters, especially desalination wastewater, in Sistan region and shows that cultivation ARTEMIA is biologically possible in the unconventional waters under laboratory conditions. Conclusion: The data presented in this study generate the first useful information for the future inoculation of ARTEMIA in unconventional waters (desalination wastewater, deep aquifer well water and well water) in Sistan, and hence domestic ARTEMIA production in the country. However, further larger-scale laboratory work, followed by field trials, is still needed. Funding: The authors thank the Research Institute of Zabol for funding this study (Number: PR-RIOZ-1402-8853-1). Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Acknowledgments: The author would like to thank the helpful assistance offered by the laboratory staff in Aquatic Sciences Department of Research Institute of Zabol.

In aquaculture one of the most important problems is to provide of appropriate food for the larvae. The main aim of this work was to access the suitable time for HATCHING CYSTs of ARTEMIA urmiana and its effect on chemical composition of newly hatched nauplii. This study was performed in four HATCHING time:18,20,22,24 hour (three replicates run for each time) .The results showed the highest percent of HATCHING was at 24 h that was significantly different companied to other times (P<0.05). The effect of HATCHING time on chemical composition of ARTEMIA urmiana showed that there was not significant difference between different HATCHING time (P>0.05).

The comparison of different light intensity effect on the CYSTs HATCHING ability of ARTEMIA urmiana and ARTEMIA franciscana

The aim of this research is study the effects of freezing at-20 ◦ C after hydration and dehydration on the HATCHING, survival percentage and growth of ARTEMIA urmiana CYSTs. Experiments were carried out in three treatments. In first treatment, HATCHING was done after one hydration and dehydration cycle with standard method. In second treatment, HATCHING was done after one hydration and dehydration cycle and then one week freezing at-20 ◦ C temperature. In third treatment, HATCHING was done after one hydration and dehydration cycle and then one month freezing at-20 ◦ C temperature. Standard HATCHING was done without any other treatment in Control group. HATCHING percentage was determined with three replicates for each treatment by standard method. Survival and growth was measured and compared on days 8, 11, 15, 20 and 25 of growth. Results indicated the CYST HATCHING percentage increased regularly by increasing freezing time (one month freezing), even though HATCHING percentage was higher in control group. The most survival percentage was observed in 11th day of third treatment. Highest growth was in 15 to 25th day of third treatment (P<0. 05). To sum up, against some other species, hydration/dehydration and freezing is not necessary in ARTEMIA urmiana and performing it decreases HATCHING percentage.